Oyo  Plans Rehabilitation Of Roads To Igbeti Tourist Site

The Oyo State Government will soon commence rehabilitation work on the roads leading to Iyamapo, a 2000 metres above sea level Hill in Igbeti town.

The Oyo State Deputy Governor, Barr. Bayo Lawal gave the assurance during the World Tourism Day, celebrated on September 27, at Igbeti, headquarters of Olorunsogo Local Government Area,assured that the government will invest in the tourism sector to attract local and international investors, who will in turn drive the State’s economic expansion drive.

Lawal also declared that the Governor Seyi Makinde led administration plans to harness the developmental benefits of the State’s mineral resources in Igbeti, to expand the economy.

He said the present administration is determined to reposition the state’s tourism sector with its huge potential, to drive the economy of the state.

Barr. Lawal, who hinted that resources in the Oke-Ogun zone of the state are enough to sustain Oyo state’s economy, implored investors to help boost the economic activities of the state, through investment in the tourism sector.

He explained that “harnessing the multi-million naira potentials in the state, will be extended to the 168 tourism sites in the State. We will drive world-class tourist sites and urban regeneration work to attract tourists, which will provide gainful means of employment for youth and women”.

He added that this will open more rural areas, like Igbeti, to tourists as the plan includes rehabilitating the road which will take tourists to Iyamapo to see the beauty and access all the other landmarks in the town.

“Oyo State Government will rehabilitate the roads leading to Iyamapo hill, which is one of the tourism potentials in Igbeti. This is part of our commitment to tourism in the State”, he said.This will also encourage tourists to visit Agbele hill, Bata erugba and other places and by doing so, they contribute to the growth of the economy,” he said.

Also speaking, the Commissioner for Information, Culture and Tourism, Dr. Wasiu Olatubosun said that tourism in the state would be harnessed by the Seyi Makinde led administration.

Lagos To Boost Tourism With  Q4-Lagos Initiative

The Lagos State Government unveiled Q4-Lagos Initiative to enhance tourism through effective capturing of statistics of tourism and entertainment activities in the state.

At the official launch of the initiative,the Commissioner for Tourism, Arts and Culture Pharm. (Mrs.) Uzamat Akinbile-Yussuf, noted that the unveiling of the Q4-Lagos concept came about after several months of research, planning and stakeholders engagement.

According to her,Q4-Lagos, means 4 Quarters consisting of January to March, April to June, July to September and October to December, adding that it was developed as a term that will provide an all-round entertainment and fun for Lagosians and visitors to Lagos State.

She said:“This concept emanated from our findings which revealed that the numbers of visitors and tourists to Lagos State are not captured in statistics. With the idea of the Q4, the statistics of tourism and entertainment activities for each of the quarters can now be easily compiled and collated. The Ministry considered it worrisome that there are no reliable statistics and data about the numbers of visitors or tourists that visit Lagos on yearly basis. The data about their contributions to the state’s economy are often not captured as well.

“The need to change this, and have a more holistic data of tourists to Lagos State brought about the conceptualization of the Q4 Initiative which is intended to be a yearly event that will help market Lagos in such a way that tourists will always be looking forward to spend their holidays in Lagos as tourism and entertainment activities for the four quarters would have been collated for tourists to plan the quarter of the year they will visit Lagos.

“The decision of the Ministry to promote Q4-Lagos Initiatives was inspired by the infamous clarion call “Eko for Show!”, being a callout to the global tourism industry that Lagos is ready to assume her prime position as the destination for Tourism, Hospitality, Events and Holidays in each of the four quarters of the year. This concept also aligns with the mandate of the Ministry to develop and introduce new ideas that will further assist in harnessing the numerous opportunities for the growth and development of Tourism towards driving focus, visitors, and opportunities to Lagos’’

Akinbile-Yussuf reiterated the fact that the main focus is to use the platform of the initiative to establish LAGOS as the premier destination all season through a data-driven calendar of activities that will make data of visitors to the State readily available for immediate use and future reference.

She noted that the Q4 concept is not intended for revenue generation, stressing that the Ministry is interested in data collation of tourism activities to assist us in our planning purposes and statistics.

“Why the Ministry will not want to follow the path of enforcement and compliance, we will not hesitate to sanction any operator or stakeholder that refuses to cooperate with the Ministry in this data collation efforts.

Odogbolu Council, Mogaji Foundation, Take Children  On Tour To Hubert Ogunde Museum

Over 50 children Wednesday took a field trip to the Hubert Ogunde Museum, Ososa to participate in a programme called “I Know My Odogbolu”

It aims to teach children about historic moments and cultural export of the local government, which will develop their emotional and social skills.

The excursion was hosted by the Hon. Ladejobi Shuaib-led administration of Odogbolu Local Government in partnership with Detola Abike Mogaji Memorial Foundation (DAMMF), a community social support driven organization with focus on children, women, youth and vulnerable in society.

The initiative was designed for children desirous of familiarizing themselves with historic sites and scenes in the local government so they could become integrated, confident and happy about their community.

According to Shuaib, who was represented by Onabanjo Ayodele Abimbola, Supervisor for Information, Education, Youth and Sport in the local government, “Just as our administration has demonstrated willingness in promoting our values and notable icons of Odogbolu LG with the artistic design of Odogbolu Local Government secretariat fence, “I Know My Odogbolu” initiative is also one of the ways in which we can bring the younger generation closer to the history, culture and tourism sites of Odogbolu Local Government and by extension Ogun State and also key into the efforts of Ogun State Governor, Prince Dapo Abiodun, in the bid to revive, market and sustain our cultural sites, heritage of our dear state to the international world.”

Commissioner for Special Duties, Barr. Femi Ogunbanwo, implored the parents and teachers to embrace the initiative to further educate and enrich the knowledge of their wards and also allow pupils to have practical contact with some very important places in Odogbolu Local Government and Ogun State at large.

Speaking,the promoter of DAMMF and convener of “I Know My Odogbolu” initiative, Mr. Mogaji Olatunde, said,” This is not just an excursion or tourism experience but an avenue of increasing the knowledge base of the children and it is expected to ignite the passion for service, dignity and hard work in the children as exemplified in the life of the legendary Herbert Ogunde.

“The platform provides an opportunity for the children to have fun and also learn at the same time in a relaxed atmosphere while also enjoying the serenity of the environment and city.”

Also speaking, the coordinator of the initiative, Hon. Olajide Dada, said Hubert Ogunde was a legend while he was alive and in death he still lived up to the legendary status and surpassed every thespian’s dream.

He added:”So, it is expedient we go back in time and nurture our kids in the way of the legend and help them live their dreams.”

One of the children, who took part in the excursion, Miss Ogunniyi Jesuferanmi, said:“We thank the Executive Chairman of Odogbolu Local Government, Hon Ladejobi Shuaib, and the Detola Abike Mogaji Memorial Foundation (DAMMF) for the great opportunity. We enjoyed the narratives given to us by our tour guide, who explained to us the life and times Hubert Ogunde on how he projected the image Odogbolu and Ogun State to world.”

Ecobank Nigeria Unveils “Adire Lagos Exhibition”

Ecobank Nigeria, an affiliate of the leading Pan-African banking Group, Ecobank Group,is extending promotion of culture and tradition to the Lagos community through Adire festival, themed ‘EPAC Adire Lagos Experience’.

The exhibition will be held at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC) in Lagos from Friday, June 10 till Sunday, June 12, 2022.

Originating from Abeokuta in Southwestern Nigeria, Adire textile is an indigenous indigo-dyed cloth made by using different wax resist methods to create dazzling designs.

Announcing the EPAC Adire Experience, Carol Oyedeji, Executive Director, Commercial Banking at Ecobank Nigeria said the exhibition is in line with the bank’s policy to deliver value beyond banking, adding that it is one of the several initiatives aimed at boosting tourism, culture and the creative industry using Adire as a key driver.

She stated that the exhibition will have different music genres of Yoruba origin; an infusion of local food; and mild atmospheric branding infusion of a wide variety of Adire into the setting to create a nostalgic mood. The festival will attract exhibitors, expatriates, influencers, dignitaries from all walks of life and members of the public.

“The EPAC Adire Lagos Experience is in line with our brand promise as a Pan-African Institution that delivers value to all its stakeholders. We will continue to curate experiences customized to peoples’ lifestyle whilst promoting the richness and diversity of our nation’s culture. The event will feature a series of masterclasses and exhibitions, as well as networking opportunities with entrepreneurs, shoppers and everyone who is interested in the making or trading of Adire. We promise a cozy ambience and utmost serenity to make participants feel comfortable and safe,” she stated.

She noted that the dates of the exhibition were carefully chosen to coincide with the weekend leading to Nigeria’s Democracy Day.

Some of the art and culture exponents expected to attend the fair include Ogun State First Lady, Mrs. Bamidele Abiodun, a major proponent for Adire in Southwest part of the country; Princess Ronke Ademiluyi, CEO, Adire Oodua Textile Hub & Founder Africa Fashion Week; Iya Oloja of Abeokuta, Adire Market; Joke Ladoja, CEO, Dye Lab; Mrs. Funmi Sosanya, Creative Director, Afume Global Concepts and Moyo Ogunseinde, CEO, Aga Culture & Upbeat, among others.

Nigerians Must Retrace Their History, Cultural Heritage -LASU VC

The need for Lagos residents and Nigerians to go back to their history and cultural heritage was reemphasized as it would enable the younger generation to know the history of their states and country.

Prof. Ibiyemi Ibilola Olatunji-Bello, Vice Chancellor, Lagos State University (LASU), Ojo, Lagos, among other personalities, gave the charge in Lagos during an event to mark the International Museum Day.

Speaking at the event, tagged: “Future of Museums: Imagination, Innovation and Recovery of Lagos Cultural Heritage,” organised by LASU, under the auspices of LASU Museum, Prof. Olatunji-Bello said the event was to remind Lagosians and Nigerians to embrace their roots, history and cultural heritage, as that reminds them of their dignity and pride as a people.

“The significance of the day is that we must not forget our roots. Wherever we are now, we should always remember that there has been a past, there is a history. Once there is a history, there must be a culture.

“We need to propagate the culture to the younger ones and even to the visitors. There are some visitors that want to come to the state and they want to know what Lagos is all about, they want to know the history of Lagos. So, we decided to use this opportunity to showcase the glory of Lagos, its history and culture.”

At the event, the immediate past President of the National Industrial Court of Nigeria, Abuja, Justice Babatunde Adeniran Adejumo, who was the guest speaker, called for the training and retraining of the museum’s curator to enable them provide accurate information on the people’s history and cultural heritage.

Justice Adejumo emphasized the need for the provision of facilities for the museums, its staff members and the need to expand the museums, adding that “LASU needs to do this in collaboration with the state government.”

He stated that the Lagos Museum “is intended to be a modern architectural attraction, which hopefully, if the managers of the museum apply modern innovative ideas to it, will redefine the concept of the museums in the average mind in the country and attract multitudes of younger generation called the Millennials, to embrace and appreciate the Lagos cultural heritage within global futuristic lens.”

He said that museums must develop innovative ways to stay afloat and attract more visitors and generate more income to boost the economy.

Justice Adejumo advocated the need for a modern museum, which should have enough office spaces for the curators and members of staff.

He added: “There should be a restaurant that both members of staff, as well as tourists visiting the museum could stay in and eat and relax. Also, there should be a mini-mart or sales point where souvenirs made of antiquities may be demonstrated for those tourists who may wish to buy articles.

“There should be a gallery hall where various paintings and artifacts of historical backgrounds should be on display. There should also be more domestic and harmless animals in an enclosed environment, such as tortoises (both land and sea). All this may draw the attention of the younger ones.”

Justice Adejumo said that museums of the future must be designed to promote tourism and give visitors an experience of a lifetime such that they want to keep coming back and in fact, bring others from the country and from around the world along with them.

In order for this to happen, he said that museum managers must deploy applied imagination and practical innovation as essential ingredients that must interplay to adapt to an ever-changing world where digital transformation, as well as a hunger for new ways of doing things, has become the norm.

Indeed, museums have become innovation play grounds where new technologies can be developed and applied to everyday life, he added.

Saying that all other institutions may have their own museums, Prof. Olatunji-Bello added: “But LASU is peculiar because it is a great university. Lagos is also peculiar. Even when they have other things, there are some things that are here, some artifacts that are over 100-years-old. We also have our curators who can also bring up artifacts, which will look original. With that we are still propagating the culture of the state.”

She stated that “it is very important that school children are carried along today because they need to know the history of their state, they also need to know the culture.They will get the history of Lagos State and that of the country, and also the culture of the state.”

The LASU VC promised that in years to come, Lagosians should expect the museums to have more artifacts, as they “are planning to get the place enlarged by next year.”

She advised tourists to the LASU Museum “to relax, enjoy and ensure they take something home.”

Prof. Olatunji-Bello said the “LASU Museum is one of the research units of the university established to collect cultural artifacts for preservation, conservation, display, research and documentation.”

The VC said that LASU is “more than focused on achieving one of the objectives of the university, which is to serve as a curative custodian, promoter, and propagator of Lagos social and cultural heritage and other resorts.

“To this end, we have commenced the renovation and construction of the new Museum Gallery, which will facilitate effective, efficient museum operations in the state.”

She assured stakeholders that at the completion of the project, “they will all smile, and enjoy professional services from the museum.”

Nigeria, Egypt Deepen Ties  On  Arts, Crafts Development

Nigeria and the Republic of Egypt have agreed to deepen their bilateral cooperation through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on ways of developing their art and crafts sector.
This is one of the decisions reached when Otunba Segun Runsewe, the Director-General, National Council for Arts and Culture (NCAC), received in audience a delegation from the Republic of Egypt led by His Excellency, Ambassador Ihab Ahmed in his office.
A statement by NCAC stated that the ambassador remarked that he had been following the activities of Runsewe who he said had positively projected the image of Nigeria home and abroad within the culture and tourism space.
According to him, Runsewe was assiduously working to transform Nigeria’s rich and diverse cultural heritage into a viable economy.
The envoy who stated that there was a lot of similarities between both countries in the area of arts and culture, added that the Republic of Egypt was exploring ways of strongly collaborating with Nigeria through the NCAC to create a platform to showcase both country’s rich cultural heritage.
He further emphasized that the Egyptian embassy was working on an action plan, which would enable Runsewe and his management team visit the Republic of Egypt to see the enormous opportunities in the arts and culture sector that would culminate in the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for its development.
The head of the Egyptian delegation solicited the assistance of NCAC to create a window where arts and crafts products in the Egyptian could be exhibited in Nigeria as plans have reached an advanced stage for both countries to synergise in that regard.
He assured of the full participation of his embassy at this year’s International Arts and Crafts (INAC) Expo, slated for August this year.
Runsewe who lauded the delegation for the visit expressed joy that the diplomatic relationship between both countries had witnessed robust growth over the years.
According to Runsewe, Nigeria and Egypt shared a deep cultural history, which has advanced the socio economic development of both countries given their commitment to the Economic Community of West African Sates (ECOWAS) treaties and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), leaving both countries with similar and stronger values.
Ecobank Nigeria Supports   Adire  Fair

Ecobank Nigeria Limited says it is  supporting the maiden Adire Market Week billed to hold between today and Saturday at the June 12 Cultural Centre, Kuto, Abeokuta, Ogun State from April 7 to 9, 2022.
The bank  said it is supporting the fair to support and empower the youths, women, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and other business communities within Ogun
The event is being packaged by the Office of the Ogun State First Lady through Ajose Foundation, an organisation established by Mrs Bamidele Abiodun, wife of the Ogun State Governor, Mr Dapo Abiodun.
The  Adire Market Week will showcase and promote authentic Adire products from about 100 exhibitors as well as the works of traders, fashion designers, models and other players in the Adire industry.
The Managing Director of Ecobank Nigeria, Mr Bolaji Lawal, said the fair is one of the several initiatives by the bank to boost tourism, culture and the creative industry using Adire as a key driver.
He added:“We are currently working with the Ogun state government to promote the Adire industry which is also primarily women-driven.We see the Adire industry as a platform to celebrate and further integrate with culture, arts and history of Abeokuta, Ogun State and the nation at large. We will also explore the connection it has with the youths, women, SMEs and other business communities around us,” he said.
He  expressed optimism that the week will establish the platform for financial inclusion for women-owned businesses, noting that the Bank will use the avenue to promote its women-centred proposition, Ellevate to help boost the businesses.
He added:“It is also an opportunity for us to promote international trade through our robust payment and collection platforms whilst leveraging our AfCFTA agreement to support exports for the local fashion industry”.
 Minister Advocates  Implementation of Pact  With Namibia On  Culture, Tourism

Minister of Information and Culture Lai Mohammed has big plans for Nigeria  Tourism
The Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, has  advocated the need  for the implementation of the various MoUs between Nigeria and Namibia, especially in the areas of culture and tourism, to ensure that they translate into economic benefits for the two countries.
The  Minister made the  appeal in Abuja when he received the Namibian High Commissioner to Nigeria, Mr. Humphrey Geiseb, on a courtesy visit.
A statement by his media aide,Segun Adeyemi,quoted the Minister as observing that the bilateral cooperation between the two nations, which dates back to 1992 on the platform of the 1st Nigeria-Namibia Joint Commission, expired without implementation, and expressed the hope that the MoUs will be revived for implementation this time around.
“Because the agreement on tourism cooperation between both countries
suffered from lack of follow-up, a separate MOU on tourism cooperation was decided upon during the 3rd session of the Joint Commission in 2008, and signed six years later, in 2014.
“Unfortunately, the MOU, which had a lifespan of five years, has expired and, until then, nothing was done by our two countries. I am
aware that efforts are on to renew the MoU for another five years. Hopefully, this time, we will act to implement the MoU,” Alhaji
Mohammed said.
He promised to encourage a working relationship between Nollywood and the Namibian Film Industry, against the background of the interest expressed by a talented Namibian actress to feature in Nollywood movies as a way of further honing her professional skills.
The Minister, who welcomed the support offered by Namibia to help improve Elephant conservation in Nigeria, stressed that with global warming and poaching, African wildlife is in danger of extinction.
He thanked the Namibian Government for supporting Nigeria with 279 wildlife animals in line with the signed MoU on Cooperation in the
area of wildlife with the Government of Bauchi State.
“The animals, which comprised of 10 Giraffes, 53 Burchell’s Zebras, 14 Elands, 23 Blue Wildebeests, 21 Red Hartebeests, 24 Oryx, 26 Kudus, 52 Springboks and 56 Common Impalas, were placed at the Sumu Wildlife
Sanctuary, which is located in Ganjuwa Local Government Area of Bauchi State. We remain grateful to the Government and people of Namibia for this,” Alhaji Mohammed said.
Speaking,the High Commissioner went down memory lane to recount the support which Namibia received from Nigeria in its struggle for independence, and said the Namibia-Nigeria Joint Commission, which last met in 2010, will meet next month to consider all the various areas of cooperation between the two countries.
More Nigerian Festivals To Get UNESCO’s Recognition-FG

FG to seek UNESCO recognition for festivals in Nigeria - Punch Newspapers
The Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, has
promised to push for recognition for more cultural festivals in Kebbi
and other states to complement the inscription of Argungu festival as
an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.
Segun Adeyemi, Special Assistant To The President (Media), Office of the Minister of Information and Culture, in a statement said the Minister made the promise in Kebbi on Sunday, after he was turbaned as the ‘Kakakin Kabi’ (Cultural Ambassador and Emirate
Spokesman) by the Argungu Emirate Council in Kebbi State.
He described Kebbi State as a frontline cultural and tourism state in
the country, thanks to its many unique cultural festivals which, he said, are also veritable tourism products.
“Kebbi State today is one of the frontline cultural and tourism states in the whole country. I say this not because I am being turbaned as ‘Kakakin Kabi’ but because of the reality. Each of the four Emirates that constitute the Kebbi Kingdom actually has unique and sellable tourism products.
“I start with Argungu. The Argungu International Fishing and Cultural
Festival is known not just in Nigeria but all over the world and I am proud to say that it’s one of the few that have been inscribed on the list of intangible heritage of UNESCO,” Alhaji Mohammed said.
He said while the Gwandu Emirate showcases the annual Hotungu cultural
festival of thanksgiving by the Fulani for the safe return of their cattle after the farming season, the Yauri Emirate boasts of the Boat Regatta while the Zuru Emirate owns the Uhola Festival to celebrate bumper harvest and showcase different farming tools and implements.
“As the cultural ambassador of Kebbi, I would endeavour to ensure that we develop all these festivals in a manner that many more will be
listed on the UNESCO list of intangible heritage. We will also work assiduously to ensure that these festivals become a magnet to unite Nigeria,” he said.
Speaking at the ceremony held at the palace of the Emir of Argungu, Alhaji Sama’ila Muhammad Mera, the Minister thanked the Emirate for turbaning him as their Cultural Ambassador and described Kebbi State as the citadel of culture and tourism.
He commended  President Muhammadu Buhari for providing all the necessary
support towards the development of the creative industry in Nigeria, and  advocated the need for philanthropists to invest in promoting cultural festivals in the country.
In his remarks, the Emir of Argungu,explained that  the Emirate conferred the
title of ‘Kakakin Kabi’ on the Minister in appreciation of his efforts in promoting the Argungu Fishing Festival to a world heritage status as well as his unflinching loyalty,courage and strength of character in the discharge of his duties to the Federal Republic of Nigeria,both locally and on the international stage.
He said:“We are grateful to witness this day and have the opportunity to perform this final traditional rites of conferring the traditional title of ‘Kakakin Kabi’ on one of the most deserving Nigerians, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, the Honourable Minister of Information and Culture of the Federal Republic of Nigeria”.
 NESG Holds  Confab On Development Of Tourism,Hospitality Sectors

NESG holds forum on development of Nigeria's tourism, hospitality sectors
The tourism and hospitality industries thematic group of the Tourism, Hospitality, Entertainment, Creatives and Sports as a business (THECS) Policy Commission of the Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) recently held a focus Group Forum with the theme “Repositioning Nigeria’s Tourism and Hospitality sectors for Sustainable Growth and Profitability” .
Co-chair, THECS Policy Commission and board member of the NESG, Mr. Udeme Ufot in his welcome address said that Nigeria is uniquely positioned as an all-year round tourism destination with a strong domestic tourism sector; rich natural resources; and a variety of associated attractions including music, entertainment, sports, religion and a rich cultural heritage.
He expressed  NESG’s commitment to sectoral reforms to fix some of the challenges bedeviling the Nigerian tourism and hospitality industry Including the absence of comprehensive databases of operators, nor clear, identifiable sector value chains to properly reposition the industries as viable business sectors of the economy.
He  revealed that it was important for stakeholders to acknowledge the critical role government needs to play to move the sectors forward, while supporting the implementation of policies that supports the sector.
Dr. (Mrs.) Ifeoma A. Anyanwutaku, Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Information and Culture (FMIC) while delivering a presentation on “Tourism & Hospitality Sectors as Catalysts for Nigeria’s Economic Recovery” said that tourism has tremendous growth opportunities for the Nigerian economy and that the sectors continue to have potentials for growth.
According to her, the sectors have economic and socio-cultural impacts on the environment and plays a role in economic development including having significant potentials to aid the utilization of natural resources by providing employment and promoting inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and foreign exchange earnings for the country.
Dr. Anyanwutaku said the tourism and hospitality sectors can only thrive when there is a political will from the government and there was a need to implement certain actions including the resuscitation of the Presidential Council on Tourism (PCT), establishment of a tourism development fund, harping on a review of the governing laws and establishment of a tourist guide company for the country to fast track the development of the sectors.
 Director-general, Nigerian Institute for Hospitality (NIHOTOUR), Mr. Nura Kaginwa said that said there was a need for policy and regulatory framework for the industry to help the growth and development of tourism and hospitality in Nigeria.
Mrs. Ngozi Ngoka, Thematic Lead Tourism & Hospitality Industries Thematic Group (THITG), Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) “Proposed Roadmap for Optimized Tourism and Hospitality Sectors in Nigeria” said there are 3 types of tourism, Domestic, in-bound and outbound tourism and that the three forms can be combined to form internal, national and international tourism. She said that some of the economic challenges faced by hotels in Nigeria include insufficient manpower training, absence of tourism police, lack of effective collaboration between national and subnational governments, insufficient marketing of Nigeria as a tourist destination.
She said  a growing diaspora market and positive image created by the entertainment and creative sector offer a ray of hope for the transformation of the sectors.